Rugsėjo 15-ą minima Pasaulinė limfomos diena. Ši sunki liga kasmet diagnozuojama maždaug 400 Lietuvos gyventojų. Piktybinių kraujo ligų žinomumo dienos rengiamos norint atkreipti dėmesį į kraujo vėžio gydymo problemas mūsų šalyje, parodyti medicinos pažangą, įtvirtinti nuostatą, kad modernus gydymas būtinas kiekvienam kraujo vėžiu sergančiam pacientui. Nors mirtingumas nuo limfomos, kaip ir nuo kitų kraujo vėžio ligų, sparčiai mažėja, tam būtinos sąlygos yra moderni diagnostika ir modernus gydymas. Jei prieš dešimtmetį pasveikdavo tik vienas kitas limfoma susirgęs pacientas, dabar ligą įveikia daugiau nei pusė visų ligonių.
Limfomos – tai grupė kraujo vėžių, atsirandančių limfinėje sistemoje. Limfomos metu sutrinka normali tam tikrų baltųjų kraujo kūnelių – limfocitų – gamybos reguliacija, ir nesustabdomai ima gamintis pakitę limfocitai. Šie limfocitai ima kauptis lifmamazgiuose, kurie padidėja. Nors limfmazgiai yra dažniausia limfomų atsiradimo vieta, tačiau limfoma gali pasireikšti ir kituose organuose, kurie dažniausiai yra blužnis ar kaulų čiulpai, nors liga gali apimti ir kitus organus.
Susirgimo simptomai gali būti: paviršinis limfmazgių padidėjimas, karščiavimas, naktinis prakaitavimas, nuovargis, svorio kritimas. Hodžkino limfoma dažniausiai suserga jauni žmonės iki 30 metų. Tokių pacientų kasmet atsiranda apie 100. Ne Hodžkino limfoma būdinga vyresnio amžiaus žmonėms, jie sudaro didesnę dalį sergančiųjų. Šioms ligoms būdinga vangi arba agresyvi eiga. Dažniausiai pasitaikanti agresyvios eigos difuzinė didelių B ląstelių limfoma yra puikiai gydoma.
Tikslios šių ligų atsiradimo priežastys nėra žinomos. Dažnai pacientams nustatomi genetiniai pakitimai, nulemiantys limfomų išsivystymą. Verta atkreipti dėmesį ir į tokius rizikos veiksnius, kaip cheminės medžiagos, radiacija, infekcinės ligos, ligos ir vaistai, slopinantys imuninę sistemą. Limfomos gydymas priklauso nuo įvairių veiksnių: limfomos tipo, išplitimo, rizikos, paciento amžiaus ir sveikatos būklės bei kitų. Vangios eigos limfomoms gali būti taikoma stebėjimo ir laukimo taktika. Reikalaujančioms gydymo limfomoms gali būti taikoma:
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